Mohammed Sohel Rana arrived for court in body armor and a helmet as locals chanted "hang him hang him."
The owner of the factory complex that collapsed killing nearly 400 people, is being blamed for building on a swampy site and ignoring permits that led to the eight-story structure's collapse.
He was arrested by commandos after a several day manhunt and as he tried to flee to India.
His appearance in court comes just after rescue workers announced they are unlikely to find more survivors.
The building housed factories making clothes for Western brands and was the worst industrial disaster in Bangladesh's history. A week after the collapse, relatives of victims continue to hold vigil at the site.
Rana left court under heavy security. He could be charged with murder or manslaughter --- both of which carry the possibility of a death sentence.