In the 1930s, Turkey as the refuge for many persecuted European Jews. Artists and intellectuals, in particular, found safety from the Nazis here. But many of them left again when Turkish nationalism and anti-Semitism reared their heads in Turkey again in the 1950s. Those who remained enrich the city's cultural life to this day. For more go to http://www.dw.de/program/arts21/s-7885-9798