In a single gold mine in South Africa, an expected $2.2 billion worth of gold can still be extracted from just one dump site's waste material.

Using water cannons and chemical treatements, a single mine can hope to extract about 3 grams in every tonne. It may not sound like much but if there is 140 million tonnes of waste lying around - the numbers start adding up.

High prices means all the effort that goes into sourcing the precious metal may well be worth it.

Al Jazeera's Tania Page reports from Johannesburg.