At least 62 people were killed last year in South Africa in xenophobic attacks that displaced tens of thousands of people.
Now the three million immigrants from Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Somalia and the Democratic Republic of Congo fear racist attacks are on the rise again.
The South African government has tried to reintegrate some of those displaced by last year's violence but, as one Somali businessman tells Al Jazeera, foreigners are still at risk.
Imran Garda reports from Johannesburg.