Pope Leo XIV, born Robert Prevost in Chicago, has become the first U.S.-born pontiff and now leads both the Holy See and Vatican City. His dual role as an American citizen and a foreign head of state raises legal and constitutional questions. While U.S. law allows for “active review” of such cases, experts say Leo’s citizenship is unlikely to be revoked unless he explicitly renounces it. The Vatican is a sovereign nation, and Leo holds dual citizenship with Peru as well. The U.S. State Department declined comment on his status.

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