living conditions in the polar regions are harsh: very low temperatures, violently strong winds, ground often frozen solid, alternation between long nights in winter and long days in summer and difficult access by any means of transportation.
Both polar habitats experience extreme cold, lack of sunlight and permafrost (ground which is frozen year-round) which means it's difficult for plants to absorb nutrients from water, soil, and sun. However, despite these challenges, plants have adapted to thrive in these conditions.