Kidney stones, medically known as nephrolithiasis, are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form within the kidneys. These stones can vary in size, from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball, and can cause immense pain and discomfort as they pass through the urinary tract. Here is an overview of kidney stone symptoms, causes, and treatments:

Symptoms:

Severe Pain: The most common symptom is excruciating pain that usually starts suddenly and can radiate from the lower back to the side and groin. The intensity of pain can fluctuate depending on the movement of the stone within the urinary tract.

Changes in Urination: Discolored or foul-smelling urine, frequent urination, urgency to urinate, and pain or burning sensations while urinating can occur.

Nausea and Vomiting: Some individuals may experience nausea or vomiting as a result of the severe pain.

Blood in Urine: Hematuria, the presence of blood in the urine, can be a sign of kidney stones.

Difficulty Passing Urine: Stones can obstruct the urinary tract, causing difficulty in passing urine or causing a blockage leading to urinary retention.

Causes:

Dehydration: Insufficient fluid intake can lead to concentrated urine, which increases the risk of stone formation.

Dietary Factors: High intake of certain foods rich in oxalates, sodium, or animal proteins can contribute to stone formation. Foods like spinach, chocolate, nuts, and certain fruits can elevate the risk.

Family History: A genetic predisposition to kidney stones can increase an individual's likelihood of developing them.

Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions such as hyperparathyroidism, urinary tract infections, and specific metabolic disorders can lead to an increased risk of kidney stones.

Treatment:

Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage the pain associated with kidney stones.

Hydration: Drinking plenty of water can help flush out smaller stones and prevent new ones from forming. Increasing fluid intake is often recommended.

Medication: Depending on the type of stone, medications like alpha-blockers or medications that reduce calcium or uric acid levels may be prescribed to aid in passing or preventing stones.

Medical Procedures: For larger stones or those causing severe symptoms, medical procedures like lithotripsy (using shock waves to break up stones), ureteroscopy, or surgical removal might be necessary.

It's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment tailored to individual circumstances. Making lifestyle changes, including dietary modifications and staying adequately hydrated, can significantly reduce the risk of recurring kidney stones.

Gurde Ki Pathri Ka Ilaj:
Gurde ki pathri (Kidney stones) ka ilaj includes similar principles as mentioned above in Urdu. Iska ilaj shamil ho sakta hai dard ke liye dawaiyan, pani ki miqdar barhane, aur patthron ko nikalne ke liye tibbi tariqay.