Haemostasis, the process of blood clot formation and regulation, is crucial for maintaining proper blood flow and preventing excessive bleeding. Genetic defects and nutritional factors can significantly impact haemostasis, leading to bleeding disorders or an increased risk of thrombosis.

Genetic defects in genes involved in the coagulation cascade, platelet function, or fibrinolysis can disrupt the delicate balance of haemostasis. For example, mutations in genes encoding clotting factors such as Factor VIII or Factor IX can result in haemophilia, a bleeding disorder characterized by impaired blood clotting. Similarly, abnormalities in platelet receptors or secretion pathways can lead to platelet function disorders, causing excessive bleeding.