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Throat pain is extremely common and can be caused by a variety of ailments that affect most of us at some point in our lifetime. Some of the most prevalent causes of a sore throat may include a cold virus, acid reflux, or allergies.


Throat pain can not only be uncomfortable but cause difficulty with eating and drinking. If severe enough, swallowing problems can lead to weight loss or other complications. This article will cover the different causes of throat pain, explain when you should see a doctor, and what you can do to ease your sore throat.
Some of the most common causes of throat pain include:

Viral infections: The flu, cold viruses, croup, mononucleosis, and, less commonly, herpangina, measles, and chicken pox.
Bacterial infections: Strep throat can cause severe throat pain and difficulty swallowing. The tonsils may also become very swollen. Another bacteria called Arcanobacterium haemolyticum can also cause throat pain as well as a rash. Bacterial causes of throat pain need to be treated with antibiotics. Strep throat can lead to serious complications such as heart or kidney damage if left untreated.
Infections of the nasal passageways or sinuses: Infections can be caused by different types of infections (bacteria, viruses, or even fungus). These conditions cause post-nasal drip. When infected mucous runs down the back of the throat a sore throat ensues.
Allergies: Particularly to dust, mold, or dander, but allergies can be in response to a wide variety of substances. Post-nasal drip from allergies can contribute to your sore throat.
Acid reflux: A sore throat caused by acid reflux is often worse in the morning since acid from the stomach can enter the esophagus, back of the throat, and mouth (contributing to tooth erosion) during the night while you are sleeping.Irritation from dry air, chemicals or cigarette smoke: This may be exacerbated by breathing with your mouth open.
Laryngitis from overusing your voice: This is often a problem for singers, individuals who use their voice as part of their occupation, and more recently voice boxing. Laryngitis usually causes hoarseness and pain when talking as well.
Post-intubation: You can develop throat pain if you have had a breathing tube inserted during surgery or due to illness or injury. This is temporary and will usually subside in a day or two after the tube is removed.
Surgery: Surgeries such as a thyroidectomy can also cause throat pain. Other procedures such as an EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) where an endoscope is inserted through the mouth and back of the throat can also cause this type of throat pain.
Cancer: While very rare, tumors or other growths can lead to throat pain.